LISA Project Reports

ANNEX 1: SPATIAL ANALYSES

This annex identifies and maps Asia’s most biodiverse landscapes across the 28 countries in the study area. It also examines where hundreds of proposed linear infrastructure (LI) projects from international development initiatives might intersect these highly biodiverse landscapes. It then takes a finer-scale approach to evaluate six landscapes in Asia where future LI projects could adversely affect a particular species (e.g., tigers, antelope) or a particular landscape with multiple species (e.g., a Thai power line’s impacts on birds). Finally, the annex summarizes 11 published studies from across Asia that performed exemplary evaluations of future LI impacts to biodiversity and set a high standard for spatial assessments for the continent.

_{Suggested citation: USAID. 2021. Annex 1: Spatial analyses of linear infrastructure threats to biodiversity in Asia. In: Building a foundation for linear infrastructure safeguards in Asia. Authors: Creech T, Stonecipher G, Bell M, Clevenger AP, Ament R. Prepared by Perez, APC for Contract no. AID-OAA-I-15-00051/AIDOAA-TO-16-00028, ESS WA#13. U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID), Washington, DC. 98 pp.}

ANNEX 2: CASE STUDIES

This annex reviews a series of eight case studies from seven different Asian countries and demonstrates the processes, principles, and practices that differentiate projects that were successful in implementing wildlife-friendly linear infrastructure safeguards from those that weren’t. The case studies represent road, railway, and power line development projects. A growing number of proposed linear infrastructure projects includes not just the cost of implementation of wildlife-friendly linear infrastructure safeguards, but also the economic benefits of such investments. Two of the selected case studies focus on projects that conducted cost-benefit analyses and describe the tools used for these investigations.

_{Suggested citation: USAID. 2021. Annex 2: Case studies of wildlife friendly linear infrastructure in Asia. In: Building a foundation for linear infrastructure safeguards in Asia. Authors: Clevenger AP, Vilela T, Bonine K, Stonecipher G, Butynski M, Ament R. Prepared by Perez, APC for Contract no. AID-OAA-I-15-00051/AIDOAA-TO-16-00028, ESS WA#13. U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID), Washington, DC. 114 pp.}

ANNEX 3: CAPACITY ASSESSMENT

This annex summarizes developing Asia’s existing capacity to provide wildlife-friendly linear infrastructure safeguards, including laws, regulations, best practices, workforce training, guidelines, and other forms of expertise and information. The annex evaluates capacity through the compilation and review of personal interviews, surveys, websites, published literature, and other sources across 28 Asian countries and four constituent groups—government, industry, financing, and non-governmental organizations. To help identify barriers and bottlenecks to safeguard implementation, electronic surveys were conducted in five representative Asian countries. The annex also contains recommendations for future capacity building.

_{Suggested citation: USAID. 2021. Annex 3: Existing capacity and constraints to undertake wildlife-friendly linear infrastructure in Asia. In: Building a foundation for linear infrastructure safeguards in Asia. Authors: Neelakantan A, Stonecipher G, Monga M, Van Epp T, Laur A, Breuer A, Butynski M, Parashar S, Ament R. Prepared by Perez, APC for Contract no. AID-OAA-I-15-00051/AIDOAA-TO-16-00028, ESS WA#13. U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID), Washington, DC. 60 pp.}

ANNEX 4: LITERATURE REVIEW

This annex reviews published literature to determine what is currently known about the direct and indirect impacts of roads, railways, and power lines on Asian wildlife and their habitats, as well as on the effectiveness of mitigation measures that seek to alleviate any adverse impacts to wildlife. The results are a synthesis and summary of what is currently known for each transportation mode, based on primarily peer-reviewed papers published since 2000 on roads (162 papers), railways (49 papers), and power lines (78 papers). The annex also presents key findings that highlight gaps of knowledge and contains recommendations for how to address existing shortcomings in available data.

_{Suggested citation: USAID. 2021. Annex 4: The impacts of linear infrastructure on biodiversity and habitats in Asia. In: Building a foundation for linear infrastructure safeguards in Asia. Authors: Gangadharan A, Krishna C, Stonecipher G, Butynski M, Clevenger AP, Ament R. Prepared by Perez, APC for Contract no. AID-OAA-I-15-00051/AIDOAA-TO-16-00028, ESS WA#13. U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID), Washington, DC. 151 pp.}

Questions? Contact Christine Weinheimer